My Blog List

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

CSB #8 Our Experiment: Musical Stimuli Affecting Your Heart Rate

Little Scientists: Savi Joshi, Tiara Bhatacharya, and Delaney Martin

Music is an important influence in many teenagers’ social, academic, and physical lives. For some, it encourages focus on tasks such as homework or extracurricular, such as athletics; for others, it is a reliable source of comfort and a break from the stress caused by school. However, some songs prove to be better at helping students focus and promoting intellectual capabilities. For instance, it is a common perception that classical music helps infants make good bases for learning in the future. Although many believe this, we were curious to see if music actually affected the brain and heart.

In this experiment, Delaney, Tiara, and Savi tested how would the heart react to the different styles and tempos of music. We used 5 songs: New World Symphony (Dvorak), Always (Panic! At The Disco), Levels ID Original Mix (Avicii), Louder: Doctor P & Flux Pavilion Remix (DJ Fresh), Let's Go ft. Yelawolf, Busta Rhymes, Twista, and Lil Jon (Travis Barker). We were looking for a change of heart rate or a spike in the heart beats. If a person were to listen to high tempo music such as Let's Go or Louder, their heart rate would be higher than while listening to New World Symphony or Always.

We used logger pro to record the heart rate and the heart beat. We tested our experiment on Delaney, Savi, and Tiara.

Tiara in her natural state while listening to classical music.

Savi intensely listening to music while Delaney uses the assistance of Logger Pro and the EKG to record data.

We found our that our initial hypothesis was correct, but with exceptions. The music did not affect Savi at all. We think this is caused by her familiarity with these songs, meaning she would be used to the tempo of the music. Whereas Tiara only identified with the classical music, calming her down significantly. Delaney was affected by the music the "best" and responded to almost every song.
The top graph represents all three of the runs overlapping. The next represents Savi's response to the music. As noticed, all though her heart rate is high, due to some error, it maintains to stay the same along with her heart beat. The blue represents the 2nd run with Tiara as the test subject. Whereas, Tiara also with a more stable heart rate with slight fluctuation became excited when New World Symphony came on. When the music started, her heart beat would spike but eventually calm. As seen, during the 30 second intervals of silence her heartbeat was stable. Last, the green represents Delaney. Her heart rate fluctuated all over during the course of the experiment, but her heartbeat was only affected when she was introduced to Let's Go in the beginning and Louder towards the end.

To conclude, the effect music has on a subject depends on the subject's preferences and their familiarity with the music. Throughout all three runs, one fact remains the same: classical music caused stability in heart rate and a calm heartbeat.



Saturday, May 7, 2011

CSB #7: The Departure of Infant Medicine

On Wednesday, Johnson & Johnson and other makers of cold and fever medications stated that they will cease the production infant drops of medicines containing acetaminophen in order to avoid confusion leading to harmful overdoses. After the majority of the medicine has been removed, there will only be one form of medication for children under the age of 12. Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever found in Tylenol and a multitude of other medicines used to treat the flu, headaches and sore throat. If you follow the directions there is no harm in the medication, yet acetaminophen is the leading cause of liver failure in the U.S. More than 50,000 people are sent to the emergency room for acetaminophen overdose. The FDA has additionally considered changing labels by adding detailed instructions for children under the age of two.The infant products usually come with a dropper and are designed to give 80 milligrams of acetaminophen per 0.8 milliliter of liquid. Beginning mid-year, drugmakers will stop producing those and only the standard children's formula, which contains 160 milligrams per 5 milliliter. Parents can accidentally give infants too much if they do not read the instructions carefully. What does this termination lead to?
Source:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42930544/42937496

Thursday, April 7, 2011

CSB #6: Can Caffeine Actually Be Running Through Your Veins?

Scientists from the Harvard School of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute, and other institutions say they have discovered two genetic variations influencing caffeine metabolism, the chemical process that happens in a living organism, depending on the amount of consumption. People with particular variations of two specific genes are more likely to consume caffeine, and to drink more of it when they do, study leader Marilyn C. Cornelis, PhD, of the Harvard School of Public Health. The genes are identified as CYP1A2, long known to play some role in caffeine metabolism, and another called AHR, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, which affects regulation of CYP1A2. All people have both genes, but the study, involving more than 47,000 middle-aged Americans of European descent, finds that people with the highest-consumption variant for either gene consumed about 40 milligrams, equivalent to 1/3 the cup of coffee or one can of soda, more caffeine than people with the lowest-consumption. Many people have become addicted to caffeine and drink it multiple times on a daily basis to avoid pain from withdrawal, the process of ceasing from taking a certain drug. Caffeine effects mutiple medical and physiological conditions. Additionally it affects mood, sleep patterns, energy levels, and mental and physical performances. Does this mean that different people have to take different amounts of caffeine? How does caffeine affect us in the long run?

Sources:
  • Photo: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12992374
  • Source: Hendrick, Bill. "Crave Caffeine? It May Be in Your Genes DNA May Influence How
    Much Caffeine People Consume, Researchers Say."
    WebMD. WebMD, 7 Apr. 2011.
    Web. 7 Apr. 2011. .

Monday, March 7, 2011

CSB #5: A Blood Draw to Find Down Syndrome

European scientists were able to diagnose Down Syndrome prenatally, before birth, by giving a blood test to pregnant women, an alternative way to detect the syndrome without the extensive procedures. Pregnant women get blood tests and ultrasounds to find out or the doctor takes some amniotic fluid or a sample of the placenta. These procedures sometimes end in miscarriage, which is the removal of a fetus from the womb before it is able to survive independently. People with Down Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, carry three copies of chromosome 21, instead of two. The preliminary report published online is the latest of studies that suggest scientists can spot Down syndrome through fetal DNA particulates in the mother's bloodstream. There's no commercial test available yet, but companies are hoping to release one in about a year. Scientists in Greece, Cyprus, and England said that they correctly identified 14 Down syndrome cases and 26 normal fetuses, but need a larger study in order to confirm their results. Are scientists claiming this has no side effects or risk to the mother? How will informing the mother about their child having Down Syndrome affect the mother's perspective about her child and the way she would raise him/her?

Citations:
  • The Associated Press "Mom's blood test can reveal Down syndrome, study says" NY Daily News 6 March 2011.

Saturday, January 8, 2011

CSB 4 - Tron: Legacy



"The Recognizer"
Definition:
  • Recognizers: the vehicles that attempted to stop the light cycles from escaping the game grid by "stomping" on them, and one of these vehicles was also the type of machine that Sam Flynn "resurrected" with his user powers.
  • CLU: (Codified Likeness Utility) is a program created by Kevin Flynn to oversee the development of the Grid, and the primary antagonist of the movie.
  • Human(Reproductive) Clone: A genetically identical copy of a human.
  • Teleportation: the transfer of matter from one point to another, more or less instantaneously.
  • Virtual Reality: Computer-simulated environments simulating physical presence in places.
Summary:
  • Sam Flynn, a rebellious 27-year-old, is haunted by the mysterious disappearance of his father Kevin Flynn, a man once known as the world's leading video-game developer. When Alan Bradley receives a page from Flynn's Arcade, he notifies Sam. Reluctantly following the tip, Sam finds secret doorway behind the arcade's Tron game which leads him to a hidden workshop. He begins searching through his father's computer and unknowingly activates a ray which transports him into the digital world. As the confused Sam takes his leave and steps out onto the Grid, he is spotted by a Recognizer, and the programs within assign him to the Games. With the help of the fearless warrior Quorra, father and son embark on a life-or-death journey across a cyber universe -- a universe created by Kevin himself that has become far more advanced with vehicles, weapons, landscapes and a ruthless villain, CLU, who will stop at nothing to prevent their escape in order for himself to enter to the real world.
Discussion:
  • Within the movie, there are multiple scientific aspects. To begin, CLU, Codified Likeness Utility, is an example of Human Cloning. Kevin Flynn originally intended CLU to be an assistant in the building of a "perfect reality." Even though, CLU is an exact physical copy of Flynn, he lacks the thinking process of a human. When he realizes that Flynn allowed a new species, the Isomorphic Algorithms (aka ISOs), to enter the Grid, he comprehends them as a flaw to perfection and wipes out their whole race (program genocide). Is that the reason we proscribe cloning? Because, even though the clone may look like a human, it fails to think like one. Additionally, the movie brings up teleportation. When Sam enters the workshop, he unknowingly activates a digitizing ray. This ray teleports Sam into a new dimension. This experience he has is closest explained by virtual reality. Virtual reality allows the person, to psychologically experience a new scenario without leaving the current one. In the movie, the concepts of teleportation and virtual reality are fused. Rather than staying in the present world, Sam is teleported into this new "scenario" or virtual reality. Besides the amazing music and visual effects, the reason I chose this movie was because I enjoyed the overall science-fiction theme. Furthermore, it showed multiple examples of "events" that can be supported with scientific evidence.
Questions:
  • Will we ever reach a time where human cloning will become legal? And if so, what would be the circumstances, knowing the topic is extremely controversial.
  • What are the setbacks to human teleportation?
  • Is there a way we can create a new world (a concept acknowledged in many sci-fi movies as well as movies like The Chronicles of Narnia) that runs parallel to ours?
Citations:
  • Disney. "Tron: The Official Site." Disney. DIsney, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2011.
  • Memodata Corporation. "Tron (Video Game) Definiton." SensAgent. Memodata
    Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and
    more. , 2009. Web. 7 Jan. 2011.
    .
  • http://images.hitfix.com/photos/515718/Sam-Flynn-is-found-by-a-Recognizer-in-Tron-Legacy_article_story_main.jpg
  • http://www.comicbookmovie.com/images/users/uploads/8073/tron-legacy-best-poster.jpg
  • http://blog.mousekingdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/TronRetro.jpg
Comparison between the 2010 poster and 1982 poster for Tron: Legacy (right) and Tron (Left)